Local laws and regulations in Finland: Finnish alcohol laws and restrictions. Smoking regulations. Driving laws and road safety. Noise and public disturbance laws. Recycling and waste disposal rules. Residency and work permits. Tax obligations and filings. Tenant and landlord rights. Public healthcare entitlements. Animal ownership laws.
Finnish alcohol laws and restrictions
In Finland, the recent amendment to the Alcohol Act, effective from June 10, 2024, allows licensed retailers to sell fermented alcoholic beverages with up to 8% alcohol by volume, while distilled spirits remain restricted to sale only through the state-controlled monopoly store Alko or licensed bars and restaurants. This change brings an expanded wine selection to Finnish supermarkets, providing consumers with greater access to a variety of alcoholic products. For more details about this significant development, visit the Helsinki Times. However, it's important to note that this change does not apply to spirits, which are subject to more restrictive regulations.
Smoking regulations
In Finland, the Tobacco Act aims to end the use of tobacco and nicotine products by 2030, implementing measures such as plain packaging, bans on characterizing flavors, smoking prohibitions in public places and vehicles with minors, and strict regulations on the sale and display of Tobacco and Nicotine Products.
Driving laws and road safety
In Finland, driving laws include mandatory use of seatbelts and child restraint systems, compulsory daytime running lights, and strict speed limits across various road types. It's crucial for drivers to adhere to urban area limits ranging between 30 to 40 km/h, non-urban road limits of 80 km/h, and motorway limits of 100 to 120 km/h. Moreover, Winter Tyres are mandatory from December 1 to February 28, ensuring safe driving conditions during the harsh winter months. To further enhance road safety, the use of mobile phones without a hands-free set is strictly prohibited.
Noise and public disturbance laws
In Finland, noise and public disturbance laws are governed by the Environmental Protection Act of 2014, requiring notifications for events or activities that may cause significant noise, such as construction, outdoor events, and certain industrial activities, especially if they occur outside specified hours or in close proximity to residential areas. The laws also prohibit disturbing public order and security in public places, as outlined in the Public Order Act, which includes prohibitions on noise, threats, and other disturbances. For more detailed information, you can visit the Environmental Protection Act webpage, which provides comprehensive guidelines and procedures for filing noise notifications and understanding the legal frameworks involved.
Recycling and waste disposal rules
In Finland, Waste Management Regulations, governed by the Waste Act and Waste Decree, mandate the sorting and separate collection of biowaste, packaging wastes, and other types of waste. Properties must comply with new sorting obligations, with specific deadlines for different regions, and ensure safe and efficient waste collection and transport to promote a circular economy and minimize environmental harm. More detailed information can be found on [Waste Management Regulations](https://www.hsy.fi/en/waste-and-recycling/waste-management-regulations/) at the official website. This initiative underscores the nation's commitment to fostering sustainability and protecting the environment.
Residency and work permits
To work in Finland, non-EU citizens must apply for a Residence Permit for an Employed Person (TTOL), which requires confirmed employment and compliance with labor market testing, along with specific documentation. The permit is sector-specific and processing times are typically around two months. Fees range from EUR 540 to EUR 740, depending on the application method. For more detailed information, you can visit the official website of the Finnish Immigration Service.
Tax obligations and filings
In Finland, the tax year runs from January 1 to December 31, and taxpayers must file their income tax returns in the spring of the following year, typically by the beginning of May, using either the online MyTax portal or by mail. Pre-completed tax returns are usually sent by the Finnish Tax Agency in April.
Tenant and landlord rights
In Finland, tenant and landlord rights are primarily governed by the Act on Residential Leases of 1995. Some of the key aspects of this legislation ensure that rents are determined through mutual agreement, though they can be reduced by the courts if they exceed market rates. Additionally, security deposits are restricted to a maximum of three months' rent. The regulations also specify strictly controlled notice periods for termination. Specifically, landlords must provide at least six months' notice for tenancies lasting over a year, whereas tenants only need to give one month's notice. It is important to note that fixed-term contracts must be in writing and are binding commitments. Conversely, unlimited tenancies can be terminated with appropriate notice and may involve court intervention in the event of disputes. For a deeper understanding of these intricacies, you can visit the Global Property Guide website, which provides comprehensive insights into landlord and tenant laws in Finland.
Public healthcare entitlements
In Finland, public healthcare entitlements are based on residence or employment, ensuring that everyone has the right to emergency medical care regardless of nationality. Individuals with a municipality of residence are entitled to all necessary treatment within the public healthcare system. Meanwhile, others may receive treatment by paying a user fee or through the European Health Insurance Card, with possible reimbursement from KELA. This system underscores Finland's commitment to providing accessible healthcare for all residents and employees.
Animal ownership laws
In Finland, pet ownership is regulated by the Animal Welfare Act, which mandates providing pets with adequate food, water, shelter, and medical care, and ensures they do not pose a danger to others. Dogs must be microchipped and registered in the dog registry, with owners obtaining a valid license from their municipality. For more detailed information on these regulations, you can refer to the comprehensive guide provided by Expat Focus.